Herb

Fei lian (Carduus)

飞廉fei lian
1 sourceCarduus crispus L.

Recorded for clearing joint heat, dispelling wind, and for sores, hemorrhoids and damp impediment.

Source

Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·主治（本经）

References
  • functions_en self-translated from 本草纲目 traditional_functions (public domain; the Chinese tf carries verbatim excerpt_hash citations). No modern work consulted.
  • WHO IST-TCM terminology-aligned for the English rendering.
  • public pharmacopoeia & botanical facts (public-domain reference facts; no proprietary modern source).
Traditional functions

Classical source text (Chinese) — English summary above.

传统中医记载：《本经》载主骨节热、胫重酸疼，久服令人身轻；《别录》载主头眩顶重、皮间邪风如蜂螫针刺、热疮痈疽痔、湿痹，止风邪咳嗽、下乳汁。

Nature, flavor & meridians

Nature & flavor: 苦，平，无毒（甄权谓苦、咸，有毒；之才得乌头良，恶麻黄）。

Citations
  • Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·集解（别录）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its classification.
  • Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·释名Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its alternate names.
  • Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·气味Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its nature & flavor.
  • Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·主治（本经）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
  • Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十五·草部·隰草类上·飞廉·气味（权·有毒）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.