Sargassum (Hai zao)

• functions_en self-translated from 本草纲目 traditional_functions (public domain; the Chinese tf carries verbatim excerpt_hash citations). No modern work consulted.
• WHO IST-TCM terminology-aligned for the English rendering.
• public pharmacopoeia & botanical facts (public-domain reference facts; no proprietary modern source).

Classical source text (Chinese) — English summary above.

传统中医记载：瘿瘤结气，散颈下硬核痛，痈肿癥瘕坚气，腹中上下雷鸣，下十二水肿（《本经》）；疗皮间积聚暴㿉，瘤气结热，利小便（《别录》）；治奔豚气脚气，水气浮肿，宿食不消，五膈痰壅（李珣）。

Nature & flavor: 苦、咸，寒，无毒（甄权谓咸、有小毒）。

• Oyster Shell and Alisma Powder

• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻（《本经》中品）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its classification.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·释名Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its alternate names.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·气味Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its nature & flavor.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·主治（《本经》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·主治（《别录》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·主治（李珣）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十九·草部·水草类·海藻·气味（之才·反甘草）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.