Pinellia (Ban xia)

• functions_en self-translated from 本草纲目 traditional_functions (public domain; the Chinese tf carries verbatim excerpt_hash citations). No modern work consulted.
• WHO IST-TCM terminology-aligned for the English rendering.
• public pharmacopoeia & botanical facts (public-domain reference facts; no proprietary modern source).

Classical source text (Chinese) — English summary above.

传统中医记载：半夏辛温（有毒），燥湿化痰、降逆止呕、消痞散结、下气。《本经》主伤寒寒热、心下坚、胸胀咳逆、头眩、咽喉肿痛、肠鸣、下气止汗；《别录》消痰热满结、止呕逆、消痈肿（并载「堕胎」）；张元素谓治寒痰、和胃气、燥脾湿、消肿散结。

Nature & flavor: 辛，平，有毒（《本经》）；《别录》谓生微寒、熟温，生令人吐、熟令人下；张元素谓辛苦温、气味俱薄、沉而降、阴中阳。·Meridians: 胃（足阳明）, 脾（足太阴）, 胆（足少阳）

• Pinellia Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium
• Pinellia Powder and Decoction
• Vinegar Decoction
• Sun Spurge Decoction
• Minor Pinellia Decoction
• Minor Pinellia Decoction Plus Poria
• Pinellia and Ephedra Pill
• Pinellia and Dried Ginger Powder
• Minor Sinking-into-the-Chest Decoction
• Kansui and Pinellia Decoction
• Aconite and Non-Glutinous Rice Decoction
• Ophiopogon Decoction
• Magnolia Bark, Fresh Ginger, Pinellia, Licorice and Ginseng Decoction
• Lophatherum and Gypsum Decoction
• Trichosanthes, Chinese Chive, and Pinellia Decoction
• Dried Ginger, Ginseng and Pinellia Pill
• Running Piglet Decoction
• Major Bupleurum Decoction
• Licorice Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium
• Minor Bupleurum Decoction
• Magnolia Bark and Ephedra Decoction
• Scutellaria plus Pinellia and Fresh Ginger Decoction
• Bupleurum and Cinnamon Twig Decoction
• Inula and Hematite Decoction
• Maidservant from Yue Decoction Plus Pinellia
• Poria, Schisandra and Licorice Decoction minus Cinnamon Twig plus Dried Ginger, Asarum and Pinellia
• Poria, Licorice and Schisandra Decoction plus Ginger, Asarum, Pinellia, Apricot Kernel and Rhubarb
• Poria, Licorice and Schisandra Decoction plus Ginger, Asarum, Pinellia and Apricot Kernel
• Fresh Ginger Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium
• Coptis Decoction
• Bupleurum plus Mirabilite Decoction
• Kudzu plus Pinellia Decoction
• Minor Blue Dragon Decoction
• Bupleurum plus Dragon Bone and Oyster Shell Decoction
• Belamcanda and Ephedra Decoction
• Warm the Menses Decoction
• Turtle Shell Decocted Pill

• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏（条目标题·《本经》下品）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its classification.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·释名Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its alternate names.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·气味（《本经》《别录》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its nature & flavor.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·气味（张元素）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its nature & flavor.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·气味（归经·王好古：入足阳明、太阴、少阳三经）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its meridian tropism.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·主治（《本经》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·主治（张元素）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·修治（陶弘景·有毒戟人咽喉/生姜制毒）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·气味（畏恶反·徐之才：反乌头）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.
• Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷十七·草部·毒草类·半夏·气味（张元素·禁忌孕妇忌之）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.