Herb
Immature Bitter Orange (Zhi shi)
枳实zhi shi
1 sourceFructus Aurantii Immaturus
Breaks qi stagnation and disperses fullness and accumulation, transforms phlegm, and frees the bowels.
Used in 17 formulas
Source
Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu)卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·主治（《本经》）
References
- functions_en self-translated from 本草纲目 traditional_functions (public domain; the Chinese tf carries verbatim excerpt_hash citations). No modern work consulted.
- WHO IST-TCM terminology-aligned for the English rendering.
- public pharmacopoeia & botanical facts (public-domain reference facts; no proprietary modern source).
Traditional functions
Classical source text (Chinese) — English summary above.
传统中医记载：《本经》载枳实主大风在皮肤中如麻豆苦痒、除寒热结、止痢、长肌肉、利五脏、益气轻身；《别录》除胸胁痰癖、逐停水、破结实、消胀满、心下急痞痛逆气；甄权谓解伤寒结胸、主上气喘咳；张元素谓消食、散败血、破积坚、去胃中湿热。
Nature, flavor & meridians
Nature & flavor: 苦，寒，无毒（《本经》枳实；《别录》谓酸、微寒）；张元素谓性寒味苦、气厚味薄、阴中阳也。
Used in formulas
- Immature Bitter Orange and Gardenia Decoction
- Immature Bitter Orange and Atractylodes Decoction
- Discharge Pus Powder
- Immature Bitter Orange and Peony Powder
- Immature Bitter Orange, Chinese Chive, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction
- Frigid Extremities Powder
- Tangerine Peel, Bitter Orange and Ginger Decoction
- Gardenia and Rhubarb Decoction
- Cannabis Seed Pill
- Minor Order the Qi Decoction
- Gardenia and Magnolia Bark Decoction
- Major Order the Qi Decoction
- Magnolia Bark Three-Substance Decoction
- Cinnamon Twig, Ginger and Immature Bitter Orange Decoction
- Magnolia Bark and Rhubarb Decoction
- Magnolia Bark Seven-Substance Decoction
- Major Bupleurum Decoction
Citations
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳（《本经》中品）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its classification.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·释名（子名枳实枳壳）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its alternate names.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·气味（《本经》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its nature & flavor.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·主治（《本经》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·主治（《别录》）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·主治（元素）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its traditional functions.
- Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) · Li Shizhen · 卷三十六·木部·枳·枳实·发明（震亨·冲墙倒壁破气）Cited from Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) for its safety notes.